This review synthesizes evidence from 176 intervention tests reported in 155 unique studies conducted in both the Global North and Global South. We focus on randomized control trials (RCTs) because our main goal is to evaluate the causal effects of strategies to counter misinformation, which requires a control group. We review evidence from RCTs on 11 leading interventions, which we classify into four broad families: (1) informational interventions (inoculation, debunking, credibility labels, and contextual labels); (2) educational interventions (media literacy); (3) socio-psychological interventions (accuracy prompts, friction, and social norms interventions); and (4) institutional interventions (platform alterations, politician messaging, and journalistic/media interventions).
