When information does (and does not) improve democratic accountability

Information campaigns might not affect voters’ behavior

Voter information campaigns are often used to improve democratic accountability, but how effective are they? A set of coordinated studies implemented voter information campaigns in five countries (Benin, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Mexico, and Uganda) to determine the effects of such campaigns across contexts. They found that the information campaigns had no overall effect on voters in any country. Voters who received positive or negative information about a candidate did not turnout to vote at higher rates or vote for different candidates. This does not mean information campaigns can never be effective – one study found that giving information in a public setting did affect voters, and another study found that information only has an effect when elections are competitive. However, information campaigns must carefully consider the myriad factors that influence citizen voting and the conditions under which information would affect behavior.

Information about voter needs can help politicians make better spending decisions

Politicians often lack information about the needs of their constituencies. Does providing that information to politicians change how they allocate resources? A study in Malawi provided information about school needs and foreign aid to officials making real decisions about the allocation of spending. These information interventions reduced spending inequalities: politicians given the information were more likely to spend in schools neglected by donors and in schools with greater need. The effects were strongest for remote and less populated communities, which are likely harder for politicians to learn about. This study suggests that programs to increase administrative capacity and lower the costs of information could have welfare benefits, especially for communities which have been neglected by governments.

Do you have a study we should share for a future Facty Friday? Send an email to drg.el@usaid.gov!